{"id":2050,"date":"2012-11-06T05:30:23","date_gmt":"2012-11-05T19:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=2050"},"modified":"2012-11-07T11:00:24","modified_gmt":"2012-11-07T01:00:24","slug":"australias-antarctic-ambitions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/australias-antarctic-ambitions\/","title":{"rendered":"Australia’s Antarctic ambitions"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Neko<\/a><\/figure>\n

Our Antarctic claim is about the size of Australia, minus Queensland. So it\u2019s pleasing to see that the new Asian Century White Paper<\/a> gave a decent acknowledgement to the cold continent (p. 248):<\/p>\n

The development of the close relations we have with our Asian regional partners involved in Antarctica will be increasingly important in protecting the Antarctic region as well as in frontier marine, biological and climate research in the Asian century. Australia\u2019s scientific research and basing capacities in Hobart and in Antarctica have fostered closer cooperation with China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia and other partners on Antarctic research and logistics. This cooperation can be elevated through the Australia\u2019s Antarctic science strategic plan, working within the Antarctic Treaty system.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Asia doesn\u2019t operate as a bloc in Antarctic affairs. But there\u2019s an eight year old Asian Forum for Polar Sciences. It coordinates research among India, Japan, China, Korea, and Malaysia. At some point we might consider requesting observer status at AFoPS.<\/p>\n

Malaysia joined the Antarctic Treaty system last year. It had previously actively promoted the idea at the UN that the common heritage of mankind regime should apply, like the international seabed, to Antarctica. But unlike the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction, Antarctica\u2019s subject to sovereign claims.<\/p>\n

China already has two stations inside Australia\u2019s Antarctic Territory and we\u2019ve recently concluded an MoU with China on Antarctic cooperation: China\u2019s now an important player in climate change science in Antarctica.<\/p>\n

Indeed, Chinese scientists are modern polar explorers. In 2005, they reached Dome A, in Australia\u2019s Antarctic territory, one of the last great unexplored areas of the white continent. It also happens to be the highest point on Australian territory, but a place that Australia never visits. An Australian automatic weather station was installed by a Chinese expedition to the site seven years ago because the Australian Antarctic program couldn\u2019t do it themselves.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s commenced construction of a new station close to Australia\u2019s Davis Station two years ago. In fact, we assisted India develop an environmental impact statement for the base. South Korea plans to establish a new station in proximity to our Antarctic territory by 2014, with Australia already assisting on environmental impact assessment analysis.<\/p>\n

We shouldn\u2019t be too concerned about these developments: the Antarctic Treaty system provides access to establish bases on the continent to members of the Treaty system to facilitate scientific research.<\/p>\n

Asian states are expanding their activities into Antarctica, partly motivated by opportunities for economic activity. While there\u2019s some interest in tapping into Antarctica\u2019s biological resources, the main focus is on fishing.<\/p>\n

Southern Ocean krill is the largest underexploited fishery in the world. South Korea has fishing interests there, although India doesn\u2019t yet. China did conduct illegal fishing for Patagonian toothfish in the Southern Ocean some years ago, but isn\u2019t active any more. It\u2019s interested, however, in krill fishing.<\/p>\n

Australia\u2019s working with other Asian states in Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) to manage marine living resources in the Southern Ocean.<\/p>\n

But China\u2019s blocking proposed marine parks in the Southern Ocean that we\u2019re promoting, fearing it might create a precedent for restricting the exploitation of ocean resources.<\/p>\n

Both China and Russia at last week\u2019s CCAMLR meeting in Hobart, managed to put in place a procedural move to get the issue considered by a specially convened CCAMLR science committee meeting next July in Germany. It will examine proposals for marine parks in the Ross Sea and eastern Antarctica<\/a>.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s also interested in Antarctic minerals development, but a protocol to the Antarctic Treaty bans mining, and this can\u2019t be reviewed until 2048.<\/p>\n

If there were to be disputes over Antarctic resource development, the issue is, however, unlikely to ever get to the UN for settlement. That\u2019s because members of the Antarctic Treaty system have actively opposed any UN involvement in Antarctic affairs, preferring to work within the Treaty system.<\/p>\n

The Secretary General of the UN, Ban Ki- moon, in January this year set out his five year agenda. It included making Antarctica a world nature preserve. This will be strongly resisted by Australia and other Antarctic treaty players<\/a> (PDF).<\/p>\n

Anthony Bergin is deputy director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Image courtesy of Flickr user Rita Willaert<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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