{"id":37146,"date":"2018-02-06T14:30:16","date_gmt":"2018-02-06T03:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=37146"},"modified":"2018-12-05T15:59:29","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T04:59:29","slug":"indo-pacific-construct-indonesian-characteristics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/indo-pacific-construct-indonesian-characteristics\/","title":{"rendered":"An Indo-Pacific construct with \u2018Indonesian characteristics\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37148 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/37889359011_6a1888d0dd_z.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/37889359011_6a1888d0dd_z.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/37889359011_6a1888d0dd_z-205x136.jpg 205w, https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/37889359011_6a1888d0dd_z-332x221.jpg 332w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Last month, at the ASEAN summit in India, Indonesian President Joko \u2018Jokowi\u2019 Widodo\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/presidenri.go.id\/berita-aktual\/kemitraan-asean-india-ciptakan-kestabilan-kawasan-indo-pasifik.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">laid out<\/a> Indonesia\u2019s vision for a \u2018stable, peaceful and prosperous\u2019 Indo-Pacific. He said that Indonesia wants an \u2018Indo-Pacific regional architecture\u2019 based on the principles of openness, transparency and inclusion, and built through a \u2018habit of dialogue\u2019 and \u2018respect for international law\u2019 using a \u2018building block\u2019 approach. With ASEAN and India as \u2018the backbone\u2019 of maritime cooperation, ASEAN-led mechanisms such as the East Asia Summit (EAS) and the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) could be coupled with the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) to \u2018bridge and integrate\u2019 the Indian and Pacific oceans.<\/p>\n<p>Jokowi\u2019s speech closely echoed Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/academia\/2018\/01\/10\/full-text-indonesia-partner-for-peace-security-prosperity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual foreign policy speech<\/a> in early January. She provided a little more detail on Indonesia\u2019s Indo-Pacific vision. Noting the importance of the IORA, ASEAN\u2013India and EAS frameworks, Marsudi conceptualised the Indo-Pacific regional architecture as something resembling \u00a0ASEAN\u2019s \u2018ecosystem of peace, stability, and prosperity\u2019 in Southeast Asia.<\/p>\n<p>She said that Indonesia seeks to work with other regional countries to develop an \u2018Indo-Pacific cooperation umbrella\u2019 aimed at supporting confidence-building measures and enhancing a habit of dialogue.<\/p>\n<p>The \u2018building blocks\u2019 would include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bilateral and plurilateral cooperation among regional countries<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the strengthening of IORA to create new growth centres in the Indian Ocean<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the creation of linkages between these two components through ASEAN-led mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While these ideas are yet to be turned into practical policies, it\u2019s significant that Indonesia has now publicly proposed its own Indo-Pacific vision, especially since the foreign ministry\u2019s 2015\u20132019 strategic planning document mentions the Indo-Pacific only once. Perhaps Jakarta now feels compelled to respond to the US adoption of the Indo-Pacific concept and the prominence given to it during President Donald Trump\u2019s Asia trip in November last year.<\/p>\n<p>To some extent, Marsudi\u2019s Indo-Pacific doesn\u2019t depart fundamentally from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/news\/2013\/05\/20\/an-indonesian-perspective-indo-pacific.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2018Indo-Pacific treaty\u2019<\/a> proposed by her predecessor, Marty Natalegawa, in 2013. While Natalegawa\u2019s idea was based on what he called a \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/dynamic-equilibrium-indonesia\u2019s-blueprint-21st-century-asia-pacific\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dynamic equilibrium<\/a>\u2019, it also involved extending ASEAN-led mechanisms and instruments to include the Indo-Pacific. His treaty idea, after all, was modelled on ASEAN\u2019s TAC.<\/p>\n<p>Taken together, these ideas suggest the arrival of a distinctly Indonesian conception of the Indo-Pacific\u2014\u2018an Indo-Pacific with Indonesian characteristics\u2019, if you will\u2014based on three tenets.<\/p>\n<p>First, Indonesia doesn\u2019t challenge other ideas of the Indo-Pacific, such as the \u2018free and open Indo-Pacific\u2019 preferred by Japan and the US. Nor does it oppose existing bilateral or \u2018minilateral\u2019 Indo-Pacific arrangements, such as the quadrilateral security dialogue involving the US, Japan, India and Australia.<\/p>\n<p>But the inclusionary principle also means that Indonesia doesn\u2019t want a mechanism that targets or excludes certain countries (such as China). In fact, the \u2018umbrella\u2019 and \u2018building blocks\u2019 metaphors suggest that Jakarta believes that other Indo-Pacific constructs and mechanisms could co-exist with its own preference for multilateral institution building, particularly through ASEAN-led mechanisms and IORA.<\/p>\n<p>Second, Indonesia seeks to promote the \u2018ASEAN way\u2019 (including the \u2018habit of dialogue\u2019) in the Indo-Pacific through ASEAN-led mechanisms. For Jakarta, any Indo-Pacific regional architecture can\u2019t and shouldn\u2019t undermine ASEAN\u2019s centrality in regional affairs.<\/p>\n<p>Indonesia\u2019s preference is a function of its independent foreign policy and the paramount importance it places on ASEAN. Above all, Jakarta values its strategic autonomy and \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/33556115\/Pragmatic_Equidistance_How_Indonesia_Manages_its_Great_Power_Relations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pragmatic equidistance<\/a>\u2019 from the major powers. Its push for ASEAN-led mechanisms reflects its concern that great-power politics in the Indo-Pacific could undermine ASEAN\u2019s centrality.<\/p>\n<p>Third, Indonesia continues to rely on existing multilateral forums rather than on bilateral or minilateral ones for the greater Indo-Pacific. We can see this in its promotion of IORA (alongside ASEAN-led mechanisms) as the Indian Ocean grows in importance.<\/p>\n<p>Indonesia\u2019s multilateral zeal stems partly from its historical success with ASEAN and UN institutions and partly from its faith in the ability of multilateralism\u2019s \u2018multiplier effect\u2019 to compensate for its lack of strategic resources. The foreign ministry\u2019s budget hasn\u2019t increased much over the past two decades (it averaged US$305 million between 1999 and 2014), and most of the defence budget (roughly US$6\u20138 billion in recent years) goes to personnel. Indonesia\u2019s economic resources are geared to generating domestic growth. Therefore, its regional and global profiles are best served and amplified through the multilateral forums that it has invested in over the years.<\/p>\n<p>These three traits\u2014co-existence with other Indo-Pacific concepts, ASEAN centrality and multilateral institution building\u2014will continue to shape Indonesia\u2019s approach to the Indo-Pacific. It remains to be seen whether new practical measures will emerge or whether Indonesia\u2019s Indo-Pacific construct will be effective or embraced by the rest of the region.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last month, at the ASEAN summit in India, Indonesian President Joko \u2018Jokowi\u2019 Widodo\u00a0laid out Indonesia\u2019s vision for a \u2018stable, peaceful and prosperous\u2019 Indo-Pacific. He said that Indonesia wants an \u2018Indo-Pacific regional architecture\u2019 based on the &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":225,"featured_media":37148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[189,8],"class_list":["post-37146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-asean","tag-indonesia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>An Indo-Pacific construct with \u2018Indonesian characteristics\u2019 | The Strategist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/indo-pacific-construct-indonesian-characteristics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An Indo-Pacific construct with \u2018Indonesian characteristics\u2019 | The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last month, at the ASEAN summit in India, Indonesian President Joko \u2018Jokowi\u2019 Widodo\u00a0laid out Indonesia\u2019s vision for a \u2018stable, peaceful and prosperous\u2019 Indo-Pacific. He said that Indonesia wants an \u2018Indo-Pacific regional architecture\u2019 based on the ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/indo-pacific-construct-indonesian-characteristics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ASPI.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-06T03:30:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-12-05T04:59:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/37889359011_6a1888d0dd_z.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"425\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Evan Laksmana\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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