{"id":39243,"date":"2018-05-11T06:00:52","date_gmt":"2018-05-10T20:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=39243"},"modified":"2018-05-16T20:43:25","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:43:25","slug":"john-berry-defend-your-democracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/john-berry-defend-your-democracy\/","title":{"rendered":"John Berry: \u2018Defend your democracy\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/figure>\n

Australia, the United States and other democracies must stand up to autocratic and increasingly aggressive nations such as Russia and China and protect their institutions against all attempts to undermine them, former American Ambassador to Canberra John Berry has warned.<\/p>\n

Delivering the Vernon Parker Oration to the Australian Naval Institute last night, Mr Berry said that as those who lived in wildfire prone environments took precautions to manage risk, so too should democracies prepare carefully for engagement with authoritarian governments, to be ready for anything, up to and including the worst fire imaginable.<\/p>\n

Russia\u2019s new authoritarian model was a good example of how broad are the challenges the democracies faced, Mr Berry said.<\/p>\n

On one hand, Russia seeks to grow through trade with Europe and international partners while making no pretence of reciprocal benefits to those same partners within its borders. While pretending to comply with the liberal world order created by democracies and free market economies, it has aggressively sought to undermine and assault that order, most notably on its borders, but increasingly further afield\u2014even into the electoral processes of the United States and murder within Great Britain.<\/p>\n

Its efforts in Ukraine and multiple adjacent nations, along with its active efforts to undermine NATO and wedge unity among democratic nations through everything from predatory economics and strategic blackmail to outright military intervention, captures the spectrum of challenges I am trying to describe that democracies face in the 21st century when engaging authoritarian governments.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mr Berry said that both Republicans and Democrats had encouraged China\u2019s economic growth and closer integration into liberal institutions under the belief that eventually, with a broader middle class, there might be convergence with the free market system and increased pressure for broader political freedoms, rule of law and human rights.<\/p>\n

We hoped that as one of the primary beneficiaries of the international rules-based order created post\u2013World War II, China and other authoritarian governments might eventually be integrated with that order.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

That wasn\u2019t without cost for democracies, he said. Since\u00a02001, when China joined the WTO, US\u00a0manufacturing declined\u00a040%, losing more than a million jobs in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin alone. \u2018It\u2019s interesting to note that those four states are responsible for making Donald Trump president in the last election,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Mr Berry said China still applied a 25%\u00a0tariff on us car imports, compared to 2.5%\u00a0tariff in the\u00a0US, and under pressure from President Trump they were finally talking about reducing that.<\/p>\n

No US\u00a0auto company may own even 50%\u00a0of a factory in China, while in the\u00a0US there are now five\u00a0automobile companies that are 100%\u00a0Chinese owned. US\u00a0tech companies are required to have a joint venture and share intellectual property with a Chinese partner, as well as storing all data on Chinese servers, with no countervailing requirement in the\u00a0US.<\/p>\n

It speaks volumes that despite these attempts to handicap the\u00a0USA for decades, we still exported over $400\u00a0billion to the Asia\u2013Pacific region in\u00a02017, up\u00a0160% from a decade before.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The days of bipartisan hopes and dreams for China are now over. \u2018We\u2019ve awakened to a new day that requires clearer thinking and sharper vision,\u2019 Mr Berry said.<\/p>\n

Republicans and Democrats clearly see that the Communist Party and its single leader are now more firmly ensconced than ever with protectionist and predatory economic policies that jeopardise intellectual property, benefit state owned enterprises and block fair trade.<\/p>\n

All democracies see China\u2019s clear violations in the expansions and recent militarisation of artificial islands in the South China Sea, despite Rose Garden promises not to do so. China clearly seeks unilateral hegemony in defiance of international law over this busy trade region.<\/p>\n

And, sadly, all people see China\u2019s use of the internet to enforce greater authoritarian control and violation of human rights within its borders behind a not-so-great modern firewall.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The new US National Defense Strategy noted that China and Russia are undermining the international order by exploiting its benefits while simultaneously undercutting its principles and rules of the road, Mr Berry said.<\/p>\n

America and Australia led the charge to create institutions such as the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund that guided the international rules-based system and allowed global trade to lift millions out of poverty. But that did not lead authoritarian nations to become partners for the global commons. \u2018Great power competition has returned, with one of the most important stakes being no less than a free and open Indo-Pacific.\u2019<\/p>\n

Mr Berry said that democracies ignore at their peril the extent to which authoritarian nations are expanding military investments, in some cases modernising nuclear arsenals, as well as aggressively pursuing artificial intelligence, quantum computing and space miniaturisation.<\/p>\n

\u2018Second place is not an option for democracies in any of these fields lest we find out too late that a new \u201csputnik\u201d looms, or that the \u201csilk curtain\u201d is actually made of steel,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

The former ambassador went on to stress, however, that \u2018all is not dark\u2019, noting that the US\u00a0economy continues to lead the world and is poised for potentially much greater growth. Australia maintained one of the world\u2019s longest recession-free periods in history. \u2018Congress had approved an additional $80\u00a0billion in defence investment and upgrades for every year going forward,\u2019 Mr Berry said.<\/p>\n

History counsels us that when democracies push back against authoritarian overreach, it is very effective. Witness North Korea\u2019s response to the tightest sanctions ever, led by the\u00a0US and Australia. Witness Australia\u2019s bolder approaches to enhancing its ADF and strengthening regional security through its high end\/high tech fighting capability linked with US\u00a0force posture and multilateral and quadrilateral architectures. It\u2019s when democracies either fail to push back, or are slow to do so, that authoritarian governments take advantage, exploiting our hesitation to their gain.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mr Berry listed measures the democracies must take to manage the risks.<\/p>\n

Recently, the Chinese ambassador to the US presumed: \u2018an old American era is about to end\u2019. He was dead wrong. Freedom, democracy and the rule of law are not in decline and are nowhere near the end.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Authoritarian governments feared those values and would do anything to undermine them, he said.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why it\u2019s critical that democracies not only recommit to, but publicly defend, these values in each and every forum against any attempt to undermine them.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Addressing war veterans in the audience, Mr Berry said authoritarian governments wanted a world that no one in a democracy would want to live in. \u2018Thank God for the blood and courage of the men and women in this room who have made sure it\u2019s not a world we live in today.\u2019<\/p>\n

Authoritarian governments must not be allowed to create one-sided rules, Mr Berry said. Democracies were strong enough to demand a level playing field, equal access and fair competition.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s essential that America and Australia both refresh and defend the rules based order \u2026 being on guard for authoritarian termites undermining the foundations of these institutions.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mr Berry said the democracies must always \u2018show up\u2019 and not allow a vacuum to exist that authoritarian governments could exploit. \u2018The new Chinese movie Wolf Warrior<\/em> shows that they want the world\u2014specifically Africa in the movie\u2014to believe that the USA \u201cleft you\u201d and \u201cwe are here\u201d.\u2019<\/p>\n

The US and our allies aren\u2019t perfect by a long shot, and we occasionally drop a ball like anyone\u2014but don\u2019t mistake dropping a ball for leaving the field. Let no one doubt that the\u00a0USA and our democratic allies are here to play and will stay for the whole game.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The democracies must maintain strong, capable and connected alliances, Mr Berry said. The greatest difference between democracies and authoritarian governments was very plain: democracies wanted stronger partners, whereas authoritarian governments wanted weaker ones.<\/p>\n

The rule of law must be encouraged and coercion and force deterred as a method for achieving goals.<\/p>\n

It was crucial to establish peaceful resolution methods and conflict avoidance to the greatest extent possible, Mr Berry said. Good examples were, possibly, norms for cyber engagement and modernising hot lines of communication.<\/p>\n

The democracies must ensure that electoral and campaign finance systems and human rights are protected and advanced by technology, not undermined. \u2018Democracies should apply full transparency when authoritarian money is changing hands as the best defence against forked tongues,\u2019 Mr Berry said.<\/p>\n

There is no legitimate purpose\u2014ever\u2014for an authoritarian nation to make political contributions or to engage in political social media in a democratic nation. Such actions should be illegal in each and every democratic nation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mr Berry\u2019s final message was that free nations must \u2018prepare, prepare, prepare\u2019.<\/p>\n

Every democracy should work together to ensure that we are never in second place when it comes to technology, education or our national defence.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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