{"id":56629,"date":"2020-06-15T06:00:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-14T20:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=56629"},"modified":"2020-06-14T17:10:26","modified_gmt":"2020-06-14T07:10:26","slug":"the-making-of-the-australian-intelligence-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-making-of-the-australian-intelligence-community\/","title":{"rendered":"The making of the Australian intelligence community"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"375\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-56635\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Malcolm_Turnbull_announces_home_affairs_portfolio_2017-1-e1592108440872.jpg\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>The public history of Australia\u2019s intelligence community involves isolated moments of creation by political leaders and long periods of silence behind the secrecy curtain.<\/p>\n<p>The public way stations in the history\u2014in which the agencies were weighed and judged\u2014were when reviews or inquiries lifted the curtain.<\/p>\n<p>Big moments of creation were Prime Minister Ben Chifley\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/asio-1-the-intelligence-jewels-and-the-alliance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">establishment <\/a>of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/asio-2-the-spooks-and-oz-politics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Australian<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/asio-3-giving-up-the-secrets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Security<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/asio-4-terrorism-transparency-and-traitors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Intelligence<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-protest-years-a-review-of-asios-official-history-vol-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Organisation<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asio.gov.au\/about\/history\/establishment-asio.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1949<\/a> and Malcolm Turnbull\u2019s raising of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.malcolmturnbull.com.au\/media\/press-conference-announcing-the-establishment-of-the-home-affairs-portfolio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">home affairs portfolio<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2017\/jul\/18\/malcolm-turnbulls-big-idea-for-a-home-affairs-ministry-is-a-big-gamble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For the curtain-ups, see:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the intelligence inquiries Justice Robert Hope did for three different Oz prime ministers in the 1970s and 1980s<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Philip Flood\u2019s<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/world\/australia\/flood.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2004 inquiry<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into Oz intelligence agencies<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ric Smith\u2019s<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ict-industry-reports.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2013\/10\/2008-Review-Homeland-and-Border-Security-Ric-Smith-June-2008.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2008 review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of homeland and border security<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmc.gov.au\/resource-centre\/national-security\/2011-independent-review-intelligence-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2011 Cornall\u2013Black<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> review (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/intelligence-review-not-pinch-flood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the weakest effort<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the set)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the 2017<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.gov.au\/resource-centre\/national-security\/report-2017-independent-intelligence-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">independent intelligence review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Michael L\u2019Estrange and Stephen Merchant<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and soon an unclassified version of Dennis Richardson\u2019s review of the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ag.gov.au\/national-security\/consultations\/comprehensive-review-legal-framework-governing-national-intelligence-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">legal framework of the intelligence community<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, due for release this year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Two new books\u2014a political memoir and a biography\u2014give accounts of the politics of creation and the way inquiries have shifted and modelled the intelligence community.<\/p>\n<p>Malcolm Turnbull\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hardiegrant.com\/au\/publishing\/bookfinder\/book\/a-bigger-picture-by-malcolm-turnbull\/9781743795637\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>A bigger picture<\/em><\/a> offers a chapter with the title, \u2018Matters of trust: reforming intelligence and home affairs\u2019. And Peter Edwards does excellent history and fine biography with <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsouthbooks.com.au\/books\/biography-robert-marsden-hope-qc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Law, politics and intelligence: A life of Robert Hope<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The Turnbull intelligence chapter is a curious five-page effort covering his 2017 announcement of \u2018the most significant reform of Australia\u2019s national intelligence and domestic security arrangements\u2014and their oversight\u2014in more than forty years\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>The changes had two separate elements that were brought together at the moment of Turnbull construction: one part was a curtain-up review effort, the other a sweeping act of political creation.<\/p>\n<p>On the same day, Turnbull acted on the meticulous work of the L\u2019Estrange\u2013Merchant review while announcing his own creation (one the review didn\u2019t recommend): the new super-portfolio, home affairs.<\/p>\n<p>\u2019Twas a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/oz-intelligence-review-home-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strange mix<\/a>, a classic Canberra example of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/good-not-good-policymaking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the good and not so good of policymaking<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The Turnbull account of the birth of home affairs is policy framed by personalities and driven by politics. (I refer you to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/canberras-unholy-trinity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">time-tested rules<\/a> for understanding how politicians navigate Canberra: \u2018It\u2019s always personal\u2019 and \u2018There\u2019s always a deal\u2019.)<\/p>\n<p>In the Turnbull telling, for many years there\u2019d been a proposal to bring all the \u2018domestic national security agencies together in one super-department, modelled on the UK\u2019s Home Office\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>With that dusting of policy, Turnbull turns to the personalities. His predecessor as PM, Tony Abbott, initially supported the home affairs idea after the 2013 election, when it was being pushed by an up-and-coming minister called Scott Morrison. Abbott \u2018then backed away from it, perhaps not wanting to give Morrison a bigger platform than he already had\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>In Turnbull\u2019s case, the up-and-comer who\u2019d head the new ministry was Peter Dutton. Other ministers expressed doubts about Dutton\u2019s capacity for the expanded job, Turnbull writes, but the significant warning from colleagues was that \u2018Dutton was after my job\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>The warnings \u2018turned out to be right\u2019, but Turnbull \u2018had credited Dutton with enough common sense and self-awareness to realise that whatever our problems were, he was certainly not the solution\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the \u2018horrified\u2019 reaction of the agencies moving into the mega-portfolio and the political danger of giving Dutton \u2018a position of enormous responsibility\u2019, Turnbull created the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.homeaffairs.gov.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Home Affairs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Note that half the chapter on reforming the intelligence community is actually a discussion of personality and political positioning. Turnbull\u2019s verdict is that views may differ on whether he overestimated Dutton\u2019s competence, \u2018but certainly I misjudged his character\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Malcolm Turnbull gave Peter Dutton a wonderful bone; it didn\u2019t prevent the eventual fatal bite on Turnbull\u2019s leadership.<\/p>\n<p>Many Canberra truths are on offer. One is that prime ministers and ministers come and go, but the agencies they create endure and evolve.<\/p>\n<p>From that reality, turn to Edwards\u2019s account of the royal commissions and inquiries of Robert Hope. More than any other individual, Hope shaped the structures, operations and doctrines of Oz intelligence agencies. Turnbull gave the Hope model a mighty shake, but much from the judge endures.<\/p>\n<p>Hope contributed to a distinct Australian construct you can see expressed in the buildings in Canberra\u2019s parliamentary triangle; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/oz-intelligence-review-justice-hope-legacy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u2019s a stroll<\/a> from Parliament House down King\u2019s Avenue, guided by Hope\u2019s spirit.<\/p>\n<p>As with many Oz intelligence practitioners, Edwards stresses the importance of Hope\u2019s separation model\u2014separating assessment from collection and policy.<\/p>\n<p>The tension in the model is between contestability and coordination. Tribalism contends with groupthink. Canberra is a small town with strong tribes, and Edwards comments that the judge from Sydney sometimes underestimated that tribalism.<\/p>\n<p>For a taste of the book, here\u2019s Peter Edwards on Hope\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/keeping-australians-and-their-civil-liberties-safe-who-was-robert-marsden-hope\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">personality<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/keeping-australians-and-their-civil-liberties-safe-the-origins-of-the-hope-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">origins<\/a> of his three inquiries, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/keeping-australians-and-their-civil-liberties-safe-the-principles-of-the-hope-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">principles<\/a> of the Hope model and its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/keeping-australians-and-their-civil-liberties-safe-the-future-of-the-hope-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">future<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Edwards believes Hope\u2019s model\u00a0is challenged by Turnbull\u2019s act of creation. \u00a0That view is given glancing support by Turnbull\u2019s final paragraph on his \u2018historic\u2019 changes: \u2018[P]ublic sector reforms are a bit like business plans\u2014the mediocre business plan well executed will always beat the brilliant business plan poorly executed.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>To see how well Turnbull\u2019s creation is operating, Edwards says it\u2019s time for another royal commission into Oz intelligence with \u2018far-reaching and open-ended terms of reference\u2019. Here are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/keeping-australians-and-their-civil-liberties-safe-the-future-of-the-hope-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">11 questions<\/a> Edwards thinks the commission should answer.<\/p>\n<p>And here\u2019s my interview with Peter Edwards on the need for another curtain-up effort on Oz intelligence.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/838705483%3Fsecret_token%3Ds-Fq9oATpWWYV&amp;color=%23ff5500&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=true&amp;show_comments=false&amp;show_user=false&amp;show_reposts=false&amp;show_teaser=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The public history of Australia\u2019s intelligence community involves isolated moments of creation by political leaders and long periods of silence behind the secrecy curtain. The public way stations in the history\u2014in which the agencies were &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79,"featured_media":56635,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[343,170,376],"class_list":["post-56629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-australian-intelligence-community","tag-intelligence","tag-politics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The making of the Australian intelligence community | The Strategist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-making-of-the-australian-intelligence-community\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The making of the Australian intelligence community | The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The public history of Australia\u2019s intelligence community involves isolated moments of creation by political leaders and long periods of silence behind the secrecy curtain. 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