{"id":57959,"date":"2020-07-31T15:00:48","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T05:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=57959"},"modified":"2020-07-31T15:00:48","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T05:00:48","slug":"could-asean-move-the-region-beyond-the-us-china-dynamic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/could-asean-move-the-region-beyond-the-us-china-dynamic\/","title":{"rendered":"Could ASEAN move the region beyond the US\u2013China dynamic?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/figure>\n

US\u2013China, US\u2013China\u2014the commentary goes on and on. Who will be dominant? Must rising powers always go to war with established powers? Can the US assemble an Indo-Pacific alliance to balance China? Might the US agree to share primacy?<\/p>\n

These are urgent questions\u2014but some recent Asian perspectives (including from\u00a0a Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific survey<\/a>) suggest a growing impatience with what a Japanese analyst calls these \u2018bilateral dynamics\u2019. There is talk of the need to reinvigorate multilateralism\u2014and one line of thought suggests that the often-denigrated ASEAN could lead a multilateralism effort that transcends the US\u2013China contest.<\/p>\n

The performance of both China and the US has disappointed. Covid-19 started in China, and Beijing has been seen as bullying several neighbours. Regarding the US, the \u2018appearance of incompetence in managing the pandemic\u2019 is one factor in the judgement (of a senior Philippines observer) that the \u2018post\u2013Second World War order built around US hegemony \u2026 is ending\u2019.<\/p>\n

The interesting point, however, comes from Japan. Analyst Tsutomu Kikuchi reminds us that Asia is \u2018more than the US and China\u2019\u2014and that numerous countries and institutions in \u2018the rest of Asia\u2019 have \u2018substantial political, economic, military and sociocultural power\u2019. The continued agency of \u2018small and medium-sized countries\u2019, in fact, is often stressed by regional analysts\u2014and Kikuchi suggests their \u2018prime goal\u2019 ought to be \u2018to sustain and further enhance the rules-based order\u2019, because such states tend to be protected by \u2018strong binding rules\u2019.<\/p>\n

Looking beyond the US and China, who could lead such endeavours?\u00a0Interestingly, Kikuchi notes the continuing capacities of ASEAN. It and other multilateral institutions, of course, have received plenty of criticism. From the United Nations downwards, their handling of the Covid-19 crisis has not impressed. An experienced Cambodian observer sees \u2018individual initiatives at the national level\u2019 but no \u2018concrete actions\u2019 from ASEAN or\u00a0ASEAN+3. Even the EU has struggled to act in concert\u2014despite the alarming rise in numbers of infection and mortality among its members.<\/p>\n

This said, the current crisis has highlighted not sidelined multilateralism. As the Cambodian observes, the virus \u2018crosses national borders, and a regional response makes a lot more sense\u2019. A Chinese commentator adds that the actual \u2018methodology necessary in responding to Covid-19 demands a level of international cooperation more comprehensive than we have achieved before\u2019.<\/p>\n

Mixed with criticism of ASEAN, Kikuchi is not alone in expressing a degree of optimism. Some analysts even believe the pandemic might inspire an ambitious \u2018reset\u2019.<\/p>\n

A review of ASEAN\u2019s potential does seem warranted\u2014especially as there are no other obvious candidates likely to build a consensual regional order. Various ASEAN-led institutions do, after all, encompass the entire Asia\u2013Pacific region. Also, the organisation\u2019s track record throughout the challenging post\u2013Cold War period is better than its many critics suggest. Recall that the East Asia Summit, which includes every serious player in the region, was an ASEAN initiative, as were the wide-membership security forums\u2014the ASEAN Regional Forum and the ASEAN Defence Ministers\u2019 Meeting Plus. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which seeks to promote open trade and investment, was launched in 2012, again by ASEAN\u2014and incorporates every country in Southeast and Northeast Asia, as well as Australia and New Zealand.<\/p>\n

The point is often made that ASEAN is no match for China. This would be hard to deny. In the South China Sea, the Southeast Asians are merely small countries invoking the rule of law to buttress their sovereignty. It is also true, however, that the ASEAN\u2013China relationship contains positive elements\u2014including investment inflow, and the fact that ASEAN became China\u2019s largest trading partner in 2020. Also, as former Malaysian prime minister Mahathir Mohamad often pointed out, Southeast Asians are used to negotiating with a powerful China\u2014and they believe that China, unlike the US, is invested in their region for the long haul.<\/p>\n

There is pride in the careful way Southeast Asia embraced communist China, commencing in the 1970s\u2014and in the part ASEAN played in rehabilitating China internationally following the Tiananmen Square massacres of 1989. The initiation of the Asian-centric ASEAN+3 process in 1997, after decades of US presence and support of the economies of Southeast Asia, highlights ASEAN\u2019s agency in engaging a multiplicity of players judged to be able to benefit the region. As leading Thai analyst Kavi Chongkittavorn has pointed out, the \u2018Plus Three\u2019 element was also an ASEAN contribution to bridge-building between the large, mutually hostile states of Northeast Asia (China, Japan and South Korea).<\/p>\n

Initiatives from ASEAN, therefore, would not be interpreted automatically in the framework of US\u2013China rivalry. Even a greater ASEAN engagement with Japan and South Korea would not need to be viewed as Cold War alliance-building. Over the past year there have been various reports of improved relations between China and its Northeast Asian neighbours\u2014and Kavi insists that although \u2018historical grievances and border disputes will not disappear overnight\u2019 the Covid-19 crisis has provided an opportunity to benefit from \u2018shared anxieties and worries\u2019.<\/p>\n

Such a shift in Northeast Asian sentiments could be a game-changer across the Asian region. At the least, more relaxed interstate relations in Northeast Asia\u2014fostered, in part, by ASEAN\u2014would provide a more favourable setting for the further development of ASEAN-led rules-based regional building.<\/p>\n

The fact that the Southeast Asian states (with the partial exception of Indonesia) are small in Asian terms is not a deterrent to ASEAN agency. It helps ASEAN to appear non-threatening; also, over many centuries, Southeast Asians have become accustomed to functioning in state-to-state hierarchies, developing strategies to handle those above them. Even a state growing in strength was not necessarily seen as a threat\u2014was not automatically resisted or balanced against. Such a state might rather be embraced or socialised\u2014in a manner beneficial to both sides.<\/p>\n

Historically, this was the approach to China. With such a heritage of valuing agency while operating in a hierarchy, ASEAN may be better qualified than most in \u2018the rest of Asia\u2019 to promote a multilateral rule-structure\u2014a structure that will not immediately be viewed as antagonistic to China, but may help to restrain China or any other major power capable of disrupting this region of the world. What is needed now from the ASEAN states is the creative leadership they have on occasion demonstrated in the past.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

US\u2013China, US\u2013China\u2014the commentary goes on and on. Who will be dominant? Must rising powers always go to war with established powers? Can the US assemble an Indo-Pacific alliance to balance China? Might the US agree …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":775,"featured_media":57963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[189,56,25,2380],"class_list":["post-57959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-asean","tag-indo-pacific","tag-southeast-asia","tag-us-china-relations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCould ASEAN move the region beyond the US\u2013China dynamic? | The Strategist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/could-asean-move-the-region-beyond-the-us-china-dynamic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Could ASEAN move the region beyond the US\u2013China dynamic? | The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"US\u2013China, US\u2013China\u2014the commentary goes on and on. 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