{"id":71960,"date":"2022-04-14T13:00:56","date_gmt":"2022-04-14T03:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=71960"},"modified":"2022-04-14T12:54:14","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T02:54:14","slug":"the-threat-spectrum-32","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/","title":{"rendered":"The threat spectrum"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/figure>\n

Planet A<\/strong><\/p>\n

Last week, the UN\u2019s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released the latest instalment<\/a> of its 6th assessment report series, predicting that the earth is on a global warming trajectory of more than double the 1.5\u00b0C threshold set out in the Paris Agreement<\/a>. Australia, the world\u2019s third-largest<\/a> fossil fuel exporter, was targeted<\/a> by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres for frustrating international climate action through its \u2018stupid investment\u2019<\/a> to prolong economic reliance on the coal industry. Although Australia has committed to a 2050 net-zero emissions policy<\/a>, it has not yet committed to phasing out<\/a> coal power, instead opting for an approach focused on low-emissions technology<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In the wake of extreme climate-change-driven events like the 2019\u201320 bushfires and the recent floods in New South Wales and Queensland, Australians are increasingly impacted and concerned<\/a> by the effects of climate change<\/a>, yet national climate action funding is set to decrease<\/a> by 35%. Climate change poses significant environmental and economic challenges to Australia and could be a major consideration<\/a> for voters in next month\u2019s federal election.<\/p>\n

Democracy watch<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Council of Europe recently issued guidelines on electoral communications<\/a> and media coverage of elections for EU member states. The guidance aims to increase transparency and accountability in online campaigning. It tackles the abusive use or misuse of microtargeting, personal data, bots, algorithms and disinformation campaigns that could undermine the fairness and legitimacy of campaigns.<\/p>\n

Countries around the world are confronting threats to democratic processes as disinformation and propaganda increase. Analysis by the European Parliamentary Research Service on social media risks<\/a> concluded that they have the potential to undermine democracy by distorting information and facilitating political manipulation.<\/p>\n

There are already reports of online misinformation and false claims<\/a> in the first round of the French election. Australia\u2019s upcoming election is facing similar challenges. Social media giants<\/a> have been asked to moderate content; TikTok, for example, is working with the Australian Electoral Commission to release an in-app election guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Information operations<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kenya\u2019s elections scheduled for August are potentially under threat from disinformation<\/a> on major platforms like Facebook. While large social media companies normally devote substantial resources to combating disinformation during Western election cycles, Facebook has devoted only limited resources<\/a> to aiding Kenya\u2019s content moderators.<\/p>\n

Concerns over election disinformation have been spurred by President Uhuru Kenyatta\u2019s past use of the services of Cambridge Analytica<\/a> to create selectively targeted electoral profiling to stoke ethnic tensions during the 2013 and 2017 Kenyan elections. In the 2017 election he also engaged Harris Media\u2014a US company used by Donald Trump during his 2016 election campaign\u2014to spread inflammatory attack ads on Google<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Foreign interference from Russia also looms as a potential issue after Kenya\u2019s UN ambassador, Martin Kimani, voiced concerns over Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.<\/a> Foreign and domestic disinformation in this election could end up destabilising Kenya\u2019s democratic systems.<\/p>\n

Follow the money<\/strong><\/p>\n

As Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine enters its 50th day, the European Union has upped the ante on President Vladimir Putin by adopting a fifth package<\/a> of unprecedented economic sanctions. The EU\u2019s new import and export restrictions will inflict further pain on a Russian economy that has already lost more value than any target of sanctions in modern history<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Particularly significant are prohibitions against imported Russian coal<\/a>, a staple ingredient of the European energy diet worth \u20ac8 billion ($12 billion) annually<\/a>. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen projected that Europe\u2019s latest sanctions will ensure Russia\u2019s \u2018descent into economic, financial and technological isolation\u2019.<\/a><\/p>\n

However, not all analysts echo von der Leyen\u2019s optimism. Many point out that Hungary, an EU member, remains Putin\u2019s political ally<\/a>, while Turkey, a NATO member, is allegedly laundering sanctioned Russian assets<\/a>. Russia\u2019s economic relationships with Iran<\/a> and autocratic African nations<\/a> may also undermine the sanctions\u2019 efficacy. Despite the EU\u2019s best efforts, Putin\u2019s long list of sanction-evading contingencies will likely extend the duration of his brutal war.<\/p>\n

Terror byte<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Israeli Defense Forces are switching \u2018from defence to offence\u2019 in their fight against \u2018sources of \u2026 terrorism\u2019, Prime Minister Naftali Bennett said last Thursday<\/a>, in response to a string of terror attacks since 22 March that have killed 14 Israelis<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Four attacks occurred before and during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. Islamic State claimed responsibility<\/a> for the first two, which were allegedly carried out by Arab citizens of Israel. The terror group also praised the next two attacks, which were allegedly committed by Palestinians<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Israeli security forces have since been given \u2018full freedom<\/a>\u2019 to counter the escalating violence and have launched raids<\/a> in the West Bank in Jenin and Ya\u2019bad, the homes of the alleged perpetrators. Fourteen Palestinians were reportedly killed<\/a> during the same period, including the alleged assailants.<\/p>\n

The attacks deepened the political crisis faced by Bennett<\/a>, who lost his coalition Knesset majority on 6 April, and have heightened fears of further terrorist acts in Israel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Planet A Last week, the UN\u2019s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released the latest instalment of its 6th assessment report series, predicting that the earth is on a global warming trajectory of more than double …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1514,"featured_media":71963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[283,106,83,587,379],"class_list":["post-71960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-climate-change","tag-democracy","tag-elections","tag-kenya","tag-sanctions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe threat spectrum | The Strategist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The threat spectrum | The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Planet A Last week, the UN\u2019s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released the latest instalment of its 6th assessment report series, predicting that the earth is on a global warming trajectory of more than double ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ASPI.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-14T03:00:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-14T02:54:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/GettyImages-1386853348.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"671\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Joshua Dunne\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ASPI_org\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ASPI_org\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Joshua Dunne\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/\",\"name\":\"The Strategist\",\"description\":\"ASPI's analysis and commentary site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/GettyImages-1386853348.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/GettyImages-1386853348.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":671,\"caption\":\"BREMEN, GERMANY - MARCH 10: A smokestack stands behind piles of coal at the coal-fired Onyx Kraftwerk Farge power plant on March 10, 2022 near Bremen, Germany. The ongoing war in Ukraine, coupled with the possibility of energy-related sanctions against Russia, has caused international energy prices to jump. Over 50% of Germany's imports of coal come from Russia. (Photo by David Hecker\/Getty Images)\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/\",\"name\":\"The threat spectrum | The Strategist\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-14T03:00:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-14T02:54:14+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/241d532a4d168491804270299e70bb7c\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The threat spectrum\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/241d532a4d168491804270299e70bb7c\",\"name\":\"Joshua Dunne\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/51b3ad30312a2278f15f6f627c328b23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/51b3ad30312a2278f15f6f627c328b23?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Joshua Dunne\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/author\/joshua-dunne\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The threat spectrum | The Strategist","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The threat spectrum | The Strategist","og_description":"Planet A Last week, the UN\u2019s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released the latest instalment of its 6th assessment report series, predicting that the earth is on a global warming trajectory of more than double ...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/","og_site_name":"The Strategist","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ASPI.org","article_published_time":"2022-04-14T03:00:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-04-14T02:54:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":671,"url":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/GettyImages-1386853348.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Joshua Dunne","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ASPI_org","twitter_site":"@ASPI_org","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Joshua Dunne","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/","name":"The Strategist","description":"ASPI's analysis and commentary site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-AU"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-AU","@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/GettyImages-1386853348.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/GettyImages-1386853348.jpg","width":1024,"height":671,"caption":"BREMEN, GERMANY - MARCH 10: A smokestack stands behind piles of coal at the coal-fired Onyx Kraftwerk Farge power plant on March 10, 2022 near Bremen, Germany. The ongoing war in Ukraine, coupled with the possibility of energy-related sanctions against Russia, has caused international energy prices to jump. Over 50% of Germany's imports of coal come from Russia. (Photo by David Hecker\/Getty Images)"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/","url":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/","name":"The threat spectrum | The Strategist","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2022-04-14T03:00:56+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-14T02:54:14+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/241d532a4d168491804270299e70bb7c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-AU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-threat-spectrum-32\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The threat spectrum"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/241d532a4d168491804270299e70bb7c","name":"Joshua Dunne","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-AU","@id":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/51b3ad30312a2278f15f6f627c328b23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/51b3ad30312a2278f15f6f627c328b23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Joshua Dunne"},"url":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/author\/joshua-dunne\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1514"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71960"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71964,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71960\/revisions\/71964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}