{"id":74865,"date":"2022-09-01T12:30:08","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T02:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/?p=74865"},"modified":"2022-09-01T12:23:52","modified_gmt":"2022-09-01T02:23:52","slug":"the-greatest-democrat-russia-ever-had","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-greatest-democrat-russia-ever-had\/","title":{"rendered":"The greatest democrat Russia ever had"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/figure>\n

\u2018We all need to have perestroika<\/em>,\u2019 Mikhail Gorbachev<\/a> would often say<\/a>. The Soviet Union\u2019s last leader lived by that credo. After becoming the general secretary of the communist party in 1985 and implementing his program of restructuring and glasnost<\/em> (openness), he even changed his job title, preferring to be called president.<\/p>\n

The first and last Soviet president was the most democratic leader that Russia (the USSR\u2019s de facto centre) had over the last century, if not ever. And in the 31 years since the Soviet collapse, his belief in peace, mutual understanding, dialogue and democracy remained unwavering.<\/p>\n

It was these values that led Gorbachev to withdraw the Soviet Union from a decade-long disastrous war in Afghanistan, and in 1993 to use the money from his 1990 Nobel Peace Prize to help fund Novaya Gazeta<\/em><\/a>, the flagship media outlet of Russia\u2019s democrats whose editor, Dmitry Muratov, received his own Nobel Peace Prize last year. Along with dozens of other independent media outlets<\/a>, Novaya Gazeta<\/em> was forced to suspend operations soon after President Vladimir Putin launched his \u2018special military operation\u2019 in Ukraine in February.<\/p>\n

Gorbachev, too, suffered for his beliefs. Perhaps if he had died in 1991, people back then would have busied themselves assessing his place in history. Faced with the living, breathing Gorbachev, however, there was animosity and awkward silence. For years, when he was spoken about at all, it was usually to deny his achievements.<\/p>\n

By starting perestroika<\/em>, which many in Russia today, including Putin, consider a disaster<\/a>, Gorbachev exposed himself to criticism from every direction: for being too radical, too conservative or too feeble. But he did not flee from public scrutiny. Even weakened by age and illness, he continued to embrace it as director of the Gorbachev Foundation<\/a>, whose work embodied his values.<\/p>\n

Like Putin, Gorbachev thought that it would have been better if the USSR had continued. But, unlike Putin, he envisaged a reformed, democratised federation, rather than a union of nations unwillingly submitting to Kremlin rule.<\/p>\n

In the 2000s, Gorbachev told me why he didn\u2019t send tanks to Germany in 1989 to prevent the destruction of the Berlin Wall (built in 1961 on the order of my great-grandfather, Nikita Khrushchev). \u2018We shouldn\u2019t dictate to sovereign countries their way of life,\u2019 he said.<\/p>\n

Gorbachev himself was partly to blame for the antipathy he faced after the Soviet collapse. Reformers often lack patience, and his plan for sweeping economic changes in just 500 days was as utopian as Khrushchev\u2019s 1961 promise of \u2018developed communism\u2019 in 20 years.<\/p>\n

What made Gorbachev different from other Russian leaders was that he accepted responsibility for the consequences of his rule. While Khrushchev and Gorbachev\u2019s successor, Boris Yeltsin (incidentally the only other leaders in Russia who were forced from power or left voluntarily before their death), also did, they left public life altogether, privately berating themselves for all they failed to accomplish. Gorbachev, by contrast, joined historians, politicians, his own comrades and the public in reviewing his rule. Ironically, he helped bury himself as a historical figure while still alive.<\/p>\n

While the consensus in Russia is that Gorbachev\u2019s reforms all went astray or failed because of his bad choices, his legacy is perceived very differently internationally\u2014and justifiably so. The last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of this one were the heyday of globalisation in large part because of Gorbachev\u2019s efforts to embrace the world, establish \u2018new political thinking<\/a>\u2019 and mitigate Russia\u2019s usual suspicion and animosity towards the outside world.<\/p>\n

As a man of conscience who reflected on his leadership from outside the Kremlin, Gorbachev was eager to address the problems for which he felt responsible, including economic hardship and political instability. Although his position was weak, his quixotic candidacy in the 1996 presidential election made casting a ballot worthwhile for at least some Russians (like me). Yeltsin\u2019s candidacy that year, during a period of even greater chaos than the Soviet Union ever experienced, inspired very few.<\/p>\n

It would have been a shame had such an exciting event (Russia was new to electing presidents, and the novelty imparted a festive air) become just another occasion to register dissatisfaction. I never believed that Gorbachev had a serious chance of winning, or that he would be a good president. But he was the first president in Russian history to succeed in re-emerging as a candidate after years of efforts to bury him, able to speak as both a leader from the past and a voice for the future.<\/p>\n

The retired Khrushchev could only dream of that after his ouster from the Kremlin in 1964. Before his death, with ample time to contemplate the past, my great-grandfather concluded that his greatest achievement was not the policy of the \u2018thaw\u2019\u2014denunciation of Stalin\u2019s crimes, along with some political and cultural liberalisation\u2014but, in fact, his own dismissal by means of a simple vote. He was neither declared an \u2018enemy of the people\u2019 nor banished to the gulag; he was simply forced into \u2018a retirement of merit\u2019 at his dacha. He was not physically liquidated following his political demise, as he certainly would have been in the 1930s. Nevertheless, Khrushchev regretted his lack of courage and wished he had used his time to push his thaw further, so that even political death would be optional.<\/p>\n

Twenty-five years later, Russian history made that liberal turn. Death and disappearance were no longer the only options. Political death had become a matter of choice. If Gorbachev did not have a chance to win in 1996, he at least had the chance to run. Perestroika<\/em> and glasnost<\/em>, so derided nowadays, prepared the ground for that under Yeltsin, who, while no fan of his Soviet predecessor, was democratic enough to keep the spirit of change.<\/p>\n

With the Ukraine invasion and the destruction of media outlets that became possible because of glasnost<\/em>, Gorbachev\u2019s legacy today seems to be dead. But Gorbachev himself was more optimistic. He often noted that he was a product of Khrushchev\u2019s thaw, and he would no doubt encourage us to believe that a new leader will emerge in Russia one day, start a new perestroika<\/em>, and resurrect the values to which he devoted his life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018We all need to have perestroika,\u2019 Mikhail Gorbachev would often say. The Soviet Union\u2019s last leader lived by that credo. After becoming the general secretary of the communist party in 1985 and implementing his program …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1595,"featured_media":74870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[106,325,334,163,746],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe greatest democrat Russia ever had | The Strategist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.ru\/the-greatest-democrat-russia-ever-had\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The greatest democrat Russia ever had | The Strategist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2018We all need to have perestroika,\u2019 Mikhail Gorbachev would often say. 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